As the name implies our blog gives you a best information as you like

Here you can find the information about the following field or categories....

1.Introduction to Research

2.Online money making ideas and links

3.Winners History

4.microsoft history

5.Computer investment information.

Enjoy my blog by means of getting information..................

Introdution to research

Introduction to research.

This is the textbook, which was first published in 1988. It is written by Stephen Polgar, a Senior Lecturer at the School of Public Health, La Trobe University in Melbourne, and Shane A. Thomas, Director of Primary Care Research, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Australia.
The book aims to provide readers with 'a succinct, yet comprehensive overview of health research as an integrated, problem-solving process'. The fifth edition offers a few updates from the fourth, including two new chapters on qualitative methods and systematic reviews. The layout takes the reader logically through the stages of research: planning, design, data collection and statistics, directed by a clear contents, index and glossary. Each chapter is neatly composed with a summary, discussion, and self assessment questions at the end, to facilitate learning. Answers to these questions are provided at the end of the book.
Early chapter focus is purely on scientific method, research design, planning and data collection, with later chapters dealing with interpretation of data (descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and dissemination and critical evaluation of research). The end of the book contains a glossary, along with further questions and answers, in a self-assessment format. Although this topic can normally be quite dry, the book uses colour and presents many examples (for example, studies on the progression of AIDS), tables and graphs, which help to enrich the text. These, along with a well organised breakdown of subheadings, provide an easy read. This book may not be of great interest to the general dental practitioner who is not involved with research, but will certainly be of use to undergraduates studying their statistics module, and hospital staff involved in research.
In summary this book is well written and concise. The text can be difficult to digest in places but this reflects more the subject matter than the manner of writing. One criticism would be the limited referral to referencing within the text. On the whole, I feel the authors have managed to make a dry subject rather interesting. I would recommend this book to dental students or to postgraduate practitioners wishing to become involved in research.

Home Based Business Opportunities Legitimate Work at Home Jobs

Home Based Business Opportunities Legitimate Work at Home Jobs

"Making Your Work at Home Business Dreams Come True"
We are dedicated to helping you find the best work at home jobs and home based business opportunities as well as providing you with work at home resources, home job information, free home business articles, and more... Everything you need to work at home and make money online!

Some great ideas of online job

Welcome to here ( work at home real online jobs ideas! )You are at the right place to find a great ideas for a real work at home job online. People everywhere are looking to simplify their lifestyle by finding a fulfilling work at home job. There are moms looking for great ideas to work at home job and earn some extra money, dads that are looking for additional income with a work from home job, people who have been laid off due to economic changes that need real ideas for a work from home job, and the list could go on and on

BOOMING FIELD 2009

Culinary Arts School - A Booming Career

Summary:
To become a successful in every field, an individual has to put in efforts and same is in case of culinary art. Culinary schools of recent times provide excellent training and facilities, but it totally depends upon the students how much knowledge they acquire from it. While pursuing the culinary program, do the best as these qualities remains for lifetime and this is what required by employers too. Arts culinary schools thus, help in fulfilling the dreams of students of becoming eminent chefs

Culinary arts school is a booming career option in recent times. Any individual who enjoys food and cooking can surely benefit by choosing this as a career. Such school trains the students to become professionals in this field. After completion of the course, many students successfully set up their own culinary ventures. Most people think that making food is an extremely easy task and that these schools only teach to create dishes. But today, many culinary schools have dynamic programs in their course structure which not only includes preparing various cuisines, but also offer safety and hygienic business information. So, culinary is a serious profession which includes combination of science and art as well.

Computer field investment

IMCON is the nation's largest independent event of its kind, and brings together the world's leading economists, financial strategists, educators, marketing executives, financial computer software firms, and management specialists managing over $1 trillion in assets. In addition, the exposition floor is host to a who's who Who’s Whobiographical dictionary of notable living people. [Am. Hist.: Hart, 922]See : Fame in the industry ranging from the Deutsche Asset Management to First Union Bank. &uot;Given the fact that most law firms This list of the world's largest law firms by revenue is taken from The Lawyer and The American Lawyer and is ordered by 2006 revenue:[1]
Clifford Chance, £1,030.2m – International law firm (headquartered in the UK);
Linklaters, £935. have a significant client base, the marriage between legal practices and investment management services is a natural. Additionally, such a marriage would have a double advantage. Specifically, it could expand the firm's client base, in turn, leading to more legal work as well,&uot; according to Vito A. Bellezza, Chairman of the IMCON event. With educational sessions taught by nationally recognized experts, the subject matter runs the full gamut of virtually everything needed for an attorney to expand his practice into investment management in a short time. A sampling of educational sessions include: Marketing Your New Financial Service, Evaluating Mutual Funds and Individual Portfolio Managers, How to Select and Work with Money Managers, New Compliance and Regulation Issues, and Costs and Revenue Stream Comparisons. Additional sessions, on days two and three, important to legal professionals include: Building Your Asset Management Business, Venture Capital and the IPO (Initial Public Offering) The first time a company offers shares of stock to the public. While not a computer term per se, many founders, employees and insiders of computer companies have found this acronym more exciting than any tech term they ever heard. Explosion, and How to Use the Internet to Give Your Firm the Investment Edge. These are among the 40 available sessions in the IMCON program Brian Hamburger JD, RFC (Request For Comments) A document that describes the specifications for a recommended technology. Although the word "request" is in the title, if the specification is ratified, it becomes a standards document. of Stark &Stark (one of America's largest securities industry law firms) and a key speaker at the IMCON event says: &uot;Having assisted hundreds of investment advisory start-ups I will start by discussing who qualifies as an investment advisor Investment Advisor1. A person making investment recommendations in return for a flat fee or percentage of assets managed, known as a commission.2. For mutual fund companies, it is the individual who has the day-to-day responsibility of investing and monitoring the cash and under SEC and various state regulatory schemes, then proceed to review each step towards creating a viable and successful business in this field.&uot; IMCON's Chairman, Bellezza, stresses the urgency of registration: &uot;For those wishing to attend, reservations should be made with our office as soon as possible, as the event is being held Feb. 22-24, and we are in the last phase of sign-up,&uot; says Bellezza. &uot;Prospective attendees can also register at our website, which is an encyclopedic en·cy·clo·pe·dic adj.1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of an encyclopedia.2. Embracing many subjects; comprehensive: "an ignorance almost as encyclopedic as his erudition" look into every aspect of the event,&uot; he adds. For further information, readers can contact IMCON at: 4400 North Federal Highway, Suite 125 Boca Raton, FL 33431 Phone: 561/361-7001 Fax: 561/361-6644 www.IMCONevent.org

UNBELIVABLE TECHNOLOGY

What an unbelievable technology!

January 1, 2009
I was driving in the car the other day and heard Ted Leonsis (formerly of AOL and current owner of the Washington Capitals) discussing some of his business investments. One of them that he discussed was SnagFilms – which per their website can be summed up in 4 words: Find, Watch, Snag, Support.
Find. Whether using our custom search tools, browsing by topic, or tuning into one of the great channels provided by our partners, with a few clicks you’ll be able to find what you’re looking for.
Watch. By streaming films worldwide, on-demand, 24×7 and with no software installation or downloading required, we have radically expanded the audience for documentary films. All you need is a decent broadband connection. Just click play, go full-screen, and lean back and enjoy our films.
Snag. Widgets let you take your favorite SnagFilms with you wherever you like to go online. Open a virtual movie theater right in your webpage, blog, Facebook or MySpace page, or just about any other place online you can think of.
Support. At their best, documentaries don‘t merely entertain us, they engage and inspire us to action. We provide a link for you to a charity related to the topic of each film (many of them selected by the filmmaker) so you can get involved, immediately. And just by embedding our widgets, you’ve donated your pixels and helped support independent film.
On my sidebar to the right, I have added my own SnagFilm movie theatre with some of the films that interested me – I hope they interest you! This is an unbelievable technology where we can share great films/documentaries and use this interest as a tool to help others charitably. I am thinking about how this can help me with my quest for MLM Traffic Domination?

Bill Gates History (Microspoft History)

Windows

Gates oversaw Microsoft’s company restructuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the company in Washington and made Gates President of Microsoft and the Chairman of the Board. Microsoft launched its first retail version of Microsoft Windows on November 20, 1985, and in August, the company struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS/2. Although the two companies successfully developed the first version of the new system, mounting creative differences undermined the partnership. Gates distributed an internal memo on May 16, 1991 announcing that the OS/2 partnership was over and Microsoft would shift its efforts to the Windows NT kernel development.Management styleBill Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998From Microsoft’s founding in 1975 until 2006, Gates had primary responsibility for the company’s product strategy. He aggressively broadened the company’s range of products, and wherever Microsoft achieved a dominant position he vigorously defended it.As an executive, Gates met regularly with Microsoft’s senior managers and program managers. Firsthand accounts of these meetings describe him as verbally combative, berating managers for perceived holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company’s long-term interests at risk. He often interrupted presentations with such comments as, “That’s the stupidest thing I’ve ever heard!” and, “Why don’t you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?” The target of his outburst then had to defend the proposal in detail until, hopefully, Gates was fully convinced. When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, “I’ll do it over the weekend.”Gates’s role at Microsoft for most of its history was primarily a management and executive role. However, he was an active software developer in the early years, particularly on the company’s programming language products. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100 line, but wrote code as late as 1989 that shipped in the company’s products. On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He divided his responsibilities between two successors, placing Ray Ozzie in charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.Antitrust law violationsMany decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft’s business practices have had Gates’s approval. In the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the contextual meaning of words like “compete,” “concerned,” and “we.” BusinessWeek reported:Early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying ‘I don’t recall,’ so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the technology chief’s denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mail Gates both sent and received.Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his demeanor during the deposition, he said, “Did I fence with Boies? … I plead guilty. Whatever that penalty is should be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the first degree.” Despite Gates’s denials, the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed monopolization and tying, blocking competition, in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.The European Union Microsoft competition case is also a case brought by the European Commission of the European Union (EU) against Microsoft for abuse of its dominant position in the market (according to competition law). It started as a complaint from Novell over Microsoft’s licensing practices in 1993, and eventually resulted in the EU ordering Microsoft to divulge certain information about its server products and release a version of Microsoft Windows without Windows Media Player.Appearance in adsBill Gates decided in 2008 to appear in at least 1 commercial in a series of ads to promote Microsoft. This commercial, co-starring Jerry Seinfeld, is a 1 and a half minute talk between strangers as Seinfeld walks up on a discount shoe store (Shoe Circus) in a mall and notices Bill Gates buying shoes inside. The salesman is trying to sell Mr. Gates shoes that are a size too big. Mr. Seinfeld begins to inform him about a pair of shoes called Conquistadors that run “a little tight” and sells him on them in a size 10 (whereas the store clerk was attempting an 11). As Mr. Gates is buying the shoes he holds up his discount card, this card uses a slightly altered version of his own mugshot of his arrest in New Mexico in 1977 for a traffic violation . As they are walking out of the mall, Jerry Seinfeld asks Bill Gates if he has melded his mind to other developers, after getting a yes, he then asks if they are working on a way to make computers edible, again getting a yes. Most critics are still in debate over the exact meaning of this commercial saying that it is too vague to make sense to them, but that it is unlikely that Microsoft is attempting to make edible computers. Some say that it is an homage to Mr. Seinfeld’s own show about “nothing”(Seinfeld). Bill Gates has also appeared in commercials in 2008, aimed at countering the popular Apple Mac “I’m a Mac” commercials. The “I’m a PC” commercials feature short back-to-back clips of various people explaining that they are a PC and one other trivial fact about themselves. Bill appears once in a run of the commercial which does not feature the trivial facts, and as such there is no trivial fact to associate with him on this page. The email addresses of several of the characters or actors in the commercials (it is unclear which, as it is also unclear whether all the actors play themselves) appear in the bottom right corner of the screen. Bill’s is cited as “bill@windows.com”. The actor who appears to resemble John Hodgman (from the “I’m a Mac” adverts) in the PC commercial is cited as “sean@windows.com” and his trivial fact is that he has become a stereotype.Personal lifeGates married Melinda French from Dallas, Texas on January 1, 1994. They have three children: Jennifer Katharine(1996), Rory John(1999) and Phoebe Adele(2002). The Gates’s home is an earth-sheltered house in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington. According to King County public records, as of 2006 the total assessed value of the property (land and house) is $125 million, and the annual property tax is $991,000. Also among Gates’s private acquisitions is the Codex Leicester, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci, which Gates bought for $30.8 million at an auction in 1994. Gates is also known as an avid reader, and the ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from The Great Gatsby. He also enjoys playing bridge, tennis, and golf.Gates was number one on the “Forbes 400″ list from 1993 through to 2007 and number one on Forbes list of “The World’s Richest People” from 1995 to 2007. In 1999, Gates’s wealth briefly surpassed $101 billion, causing the media to call him a “centibillionaire”. Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft’s stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. In a May 2006 interview, Gates commented that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because he disliked the attention it brought. Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of $616,667, and $350,000 bonus totalling $966,667. He founded Corbis, a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by long-time friend Warren Buffett.PhilanthropyGates began to realize the expectations others had of him when public opinion mounted that he could give more of his wealth to charity. Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller and in 1994 sold some of his Microsoft stock to create the William H. Gates Foundation. In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations into one to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which is the largest transparently operated charitable foundation in the world. The foundation is set up to allow benefactors access to how its money is being spent, unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Wellcome Trust. The generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller has been credited as a major influence. Gates and his father have met with Rockefeller several times and have modeled their giving in part on the Rockefeller family’s philanthropic focus, namely those global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations. As of 2007 Bill and Melinda Gates were the second most generous philanthropist in America, having given over $28 billion to charity.The foundation has also received criticism because it invests the assets that it has not yet distributed, with the exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries where the Foundation is attempting to relieve poverty. These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world. In response to press criticism, the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.RecognitionTime magazine named Gates one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Time also collectively named Gates, his wife Melinda and alternative rock band U2’s lead singer Bono as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian efforts. In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of “Heroes of our time”. Gates was listed in the Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the “Top 50 Cyber Elite” by Time in 1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in The Guardian as one of the “Top 100 influential people in media” in 2001.Gates has received honorary doctorates from Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, The Netherlands in 2000, the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden in 2002, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan in 2005, Harvard University in June 2007, and from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, in January 2008. Gates was also made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005, in addition to having entomologists name the Bill Gates flower fly, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor.In November 2006, he and his wife were awarded the Order of the Aztec Eagle for their philanthropic work around the world in the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the program “Un país de lectores”.InvestmentsCascade Investments LLC, a private investment and holding company, incorporated in United States, is controlled by Bill Gates, and is headquartered in the city of Kirkland, WA. bgC3, a new think-tank company founded by Bill Gates. BibliographyGates has authored two books:The Road Ahead (1995) Business @ the Speed of Thought (1999) Notes^ Lombardi, Candace (2007-06-08). “Bill Gates “graduates” from Harvard 30 years after dropping out”, CNET News.com. Retrieved on 4 August 2008. ^ a b “The World’s Billionaires #3 William Gates III”. Forbes (2008-03-05). Retrieved on 2008-03-06. ^ (Manes 1994, p. 11) ^ a b Chapman, Glenn (2008-06-27). “Bill Gates Signs Off”, Agence France-Presse. ^ Wahba, Phil (2008-09-17). “Bill Gates tops U.S. wealth list 15 years in a row”. Reuters. Retrieved on 2008-11-06. ^ Gates regularly documents his share ownership through public SEC form 4 filings. ^ (Manes 1994, p. 459) ^ (Lesinski 2006, p. 96) ^ (Manes 1994, p. 15) ^ (Manes 1994, p. 47) ^ (Manes 1994, p. 24) ^ (Manes 1994, p. 27) ^ a b (Gates 1996, p. 12) ^ (Manes 1994, p. 34) ^ (Gates 1996, p. 14) ^ (Lesinski 2006, p. 25) ^ (Gates 1996, p. 15) ^ http://www.eskimo.com/~miyaguch/MCReport/mcreport.html ^ http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1997/1013/6008040a_2.html ^ Gates, William (1979). “Bounds for sorting by prefix reversal”. Discrete mathematics 27: 47–57. doi:10.1016/0012-365X(79)90068-2. ^ a b (Gates 1996, p. 19) ^ (Wallace & 1993 59) ^ (Gates 1996, p. 18) ^ a b c . “Microsoft Visitor Center Student Information: Key Events in Microsoft History” (.DOC). Microsoft. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. ^ a b c d “Microsoft history”. The History of Computing Project. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ (Manes 1994, p. 81) ^ Gates, Bill. “Remarks by Bill Gates” Waterloo, Ontario (2005-10-13). Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ Maiello, John Steele Gordon Michael (2002-12-23). “Pioneers Die Broke”. Forbes. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ (Gates 1996, p. 54) ^ (Manes 1994, p. 193) ^ “May 16, 1991 internal strategies memo from Bill Gates”. Bralyn. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. ^ Rensin, David (1994). “The Bill Gates Interview”. Playboy. ^ Ballmer, Steve (1997-10-09). “Steve Ballmer Speech Transcript — Church Hill Club”. Microsoft. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ a b Isaacson, Walter (1997-01-13). “The Gates Operating System”. Time. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ Bank, David (1999-02-01). “Breaking Windows”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ a b Gates, Bill. “Remarks by Bill Gates” San Diego, California (1997-09-26). Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ Herbold, Robert (2004). The Fiefdom Syndrome: The Turf Battles That Undermine Careers and Companies - And How to Overcome Them. ^ “Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates”, Microsoft (2006-06-15). ^ “Gates deposition makes judge laugh in court”. CNN (1998-11-17). Retrieved on 2008-03-30. ^ “Microsoft’s Teflon Bill”. BusinessWeek (1998-11-30). Retrieved on 2008-03-30. ^ a b Heilemann, John (2000-11-01). “The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Nothing But The Truth”. Wired. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0355-6. PMID 18509686. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.11/microsoft_pr.html. Retrieved on 31 March 2008. ^ http://www.thesmokinggun.com/mugshots/gatesmug1.html ^ http://adblog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/09/08/1362333.aspx ^ (Lesinski 2006, p. 74) ^ Paterson, Thane (2000-06-13). “Advice for Bill Gates: A Little Culture Wouldn’t Hurt”, Business Week. Retrieved on 28 April 2008. ^ “Bill Gates: Chairman”. Microsoft Corporation (2008). ^ “Profile: Bill Gates”. BBC news (2004). ^ (Fridson 2001, p. 113) ^ Bolger, Joe (2006-05-05). “I wish I was not the richest man in the world, says Bill Gates”, The Times. Retrieved on 31 March 2008. ^ “Microsoft 2006 Proxy Statement”. Microsoft (2007-10-06). Retrieved on 2008-02-14. ^ Fried, Ina (2004-12-14). “Gates joins board of Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway”, CNET. Retrieved on 31 March 2008. ^ “Flat-pack accounting”. The Economist (2006-05-11). Retrieved on 2008-04-01. ^ Cronin, Jon (2005-01-25). “Bill Gates: billionaire philanthropist”. BBC News. Retrieved on 2008-04-01. ^ “Our Approach to Giving”. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-04-01. ^ (2006-01-01). “2005 Annual Report” (PDF). Rockefeller Brothers Fund. Retrieved on 2008-02-14. ^ The 50 most generous Americans ^ Dark cloud over good works of Gates Foundation, Los Angeles Times, 7 January 2006 ^ Gates Foundation to review investments, The Seattle Times, 10 January 2007 ^ Gates Foundation to maintain its investment plan, The Austin Statesman, 14 January 2007 ^ (Lesinski 2006, p. 102) ^ Cowley, Jason (2006-06-22). “Heroes of our time — the top 50″, New Statesman. Retrieved on 17 February 2008. ^ “Gates ’second only to Blair’”. BBC News (1999-09-26). Retrieved on 2008-03-30. ^ Nyenrode Business Universiteit (2003-08-13) (in Dutch). Eredoctoraat Universiteit Nyenrode voor Wim Kok. Press release. http://www.nyenrode.nl/news/news_full.cfm?publication_id=599. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. ^ Hughes, Gina (2007-06-08). “Bill Gates Gets Degree After 30 Years”, Yahoo!. Retrieved on 18 February 2008. ^ Svärd, Madeleine (2008-01-24). “Bill Gates honored with a doctor’s cap”. Karolinska Institutet. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. ^ “Knighthood for Microsoft’s Gates”, BBC News (2005-03-02). Retrieved on 18 February 2008. ^ Thompson, F. Christian (1999-08-19). “Bill Gates’ Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson”. The Diptera Site. Retrieved on 2008-02-18. ^ “Proclamation of the Award”. Diario Oficial de la Federación. Retrieved on 2008-03-30. ReferencesFridson, Martin (2001), How to be a Billionaire: Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0471416177 Gates, Bill (1996), The Road Ahead, Penguin Books, ISBN 0140260404 Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006), Bill Gates (Biography (a & E)), A&E Television Networks, ISBN 0822570270 Manes, Stephen (1994), Gates: How Microsoft’s Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself The Richest Man in America, Touchstone Pictures, ISBN 0671880748 Wallace, James (1993), Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire, New York: HarperCollins Publishers

Know about wiiners to win (here the winner is BIll Gates)

Bill Gates

Bill Gates at the World Economic Forum in Davos, 2008
Born
October 28, 1955 (1955-10-28) (age 53)Seattle, Washington
Residence
Seattle,Washington, United States
Alma mater
Harvard University (dropped out in 1975, honorary degree in 2007)
Occupation
Chairman of MicrosoftCo-Chair of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Net worth
?US$58 billion (2008)
Spouse(s)
Melinda Gates (1994–present)
Children
Jennifer Katharine Gates (1996), Rory John Gates (1999) and Phoebe Adele Gates (2002)
Signature
WebsiteBill Gates
William Henry “Bill” Gates III (born October 28, 1955), is an American business magnate, philanthropist, the world’s third richest person (as of February 8, 2008), and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. Gates was the richest person in the world for 15 consecutive years. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder with more than 8 percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books.
Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Although he is admired by many, a large number of industry insiders criticize his business tactics, which they consider anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.
Bill Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January, 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June, 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates’ last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as a part-time, non-executive chairman.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Microsoft
2.1 BASIC
2.2 IBM partnership
2.3 Windows
2.4 Management style
2.5 Antitrust law violations
2.6 Appearance in ads
3 Personal life
3.1 Philanthropy
3.2 Recognition
3.3 Investments
4 Bibliography
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
//
Early life

Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, to William H. Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates. His family was upper middle class; his father was a prominent lawyer, his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way, and her father, J. W. Maxwell, was a national bank president. Gates has one elder sister, Kristi (Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in his family, but was known as William Gates III or “Trey” because his father had dropped his own “III” suffix. Early on in his life, Gates’s parents had a law career in mind for him.
At thirteen he enrolled in the Lakeside School, an exclusive preparatory school. When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School’s rummage sale to buy an ASR-33 teletype terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the school’s students. Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly. When he reflected back on that moment, he commented on it and said, “There was just something neat about the machine.” After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, he and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC), which banned four Lakeside students—Gates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland, and Kent Evans—for the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.
At the end of the ban, the four students offered to find bugs in CCC’s software in exchange for computer time. Rather than use the system via teletype, Gates went to CCC’s offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including programs in FORTRAN, LISP, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970, when it went out of business. The following year, Information Sciences Inc. hired the four Lakeside students to write a payroll program in COBOL, providing them computer time and royalties. After his administrators became aware of his programming abilities, Gates wrote the school’s computer program to schedule students in classes. He modified the code so that he was placed in classes with mostly female students. He later stated that “it was hard to tear myself away from a machine at which I could so unambiguously demonstrate success.” At age 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen, called Traf-O-Data, to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor.
Gates graduated from Lakeside School in 1973. He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the Scholastic Aptitude Test and subsequently enrolled at Harvard College in the fall of 1973. Prior to the mid 1990s, an SAT score of 1590 was equivalent to an IQ of about 170 (roughly the one in a million level), a figure that would frequently be cited by the press. While at Harvard, he met his future business partner, Steve Ballmer, whom he later appointed as CEO of Microsoft. He also met computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou at Harvard, with whom he collaborated on a paper about algorithms. He did not have a definite study plan while a student at Harvard and spent a lot of time using the school’s computers. He remained in contact with Paul Allen, joining him at Honeywell during the summer of 1974. The following year saw the release of the MITS Altair 8800 based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw this as the opportunity to start their own computer software company. He had talked this decision over with his parents, who were supportive of him after seeing how much Gates wanted to start a company.
Microsoft
Main articles: History of Microsoft and Microsoft
BASIC
MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8 inch floppy disk system
After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates contacted Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform. In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS’s interest. MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demo, and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration, held at MITS’s offices in Albuquerque, was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. Paul Allen was hired into MITS, and Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS in Albuquerque in November 1975. They named their partnership “Micro-Soft” and had their first office located in Albuquerque. Within a year, the hyphen was dropped, and on November 26, 1976, the trade name “Microsoft” was registered with the Office of the Secretary of the State of New Mexico.
Microsoft’s BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked into the community and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, Gates wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter saying that MITS could not continue to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software without payment. This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems. The company moved from Albuquerque to its new home in Bellevue, Washington on January 1, 1979.
During Microsoft’s early years, all employees had broad responsibility for the company’s business. Gates oversaw the business details, but continued to write code as well. In the first five years, he personally reviewed every line of code the company shipped, and often rewrote parts of it as he saw fit.
IBM partnership
In 1980, IBM approached Microsoft to write the BASIC interpreter for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC. When IBM’s representatives mentioned that they needed an operating system, Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system. IBM’s discussions with Digital Research went poorly, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and told him to get an acceptable operating system. A few weeks later Gates proposed using 86-DOS (QDOS), an operating system similar to CP/M that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC. Microsoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusive licensing agent, and later the full owner, of 86-DOS. After adapting the operating system for the PC, Microsoft delivered it to IBM as PC-DOS in exchange for a one-time fee of $50,000. Gates insisted that IBM let Microsoft keep the copyright on the operating system, because he believed that other hardware vendors would clone IBM’s system. They did, and the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major player in the industry.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY'S UNCERTAINTY

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reshapes our economy to compete in the digital age. Let's set high standards for our schools and give them the resources they need to succeed. Let's recruit a new army of teachers, and give them better pay and more support in exchange for more accountability. Let's make college more affordable, and let's invest in scientific research, and let's lay down broadband lines through the heart of inner cities and rural towns all across America."
-- Barack Obama Presidential Announcement Speech in Springfield, ILFebruary 10 ,2007
The Obama-Biden Technology Planchange.gov

Barack Obama and Joe Biden understand the immense transformative power of technology and innovation and how they can improve the lives of Americans. They will work to ensure the full and free exchange of information through an open Internet and use technology to create a more transparent and connected democracy. They will encourage the deployment of modern communications infrastructure to improve America's competitiveness and employ technology to solve our nation's most pressing problems -- including improving clean energy, healthcare costs, and public safety.Ensure the Full and Free Exchange of Ideas through an Open Internet and Diverse Media Outlets
Protect the Openness of the Internet: Support the principle of network neutrality to preserve the benefits of open competition on the Internet.
Encourage Diversity in Media Ownership: Encourage diversity in the ownership of broadcast media, promote the development of new media outlets for expression of diverse viewpoints, and clarify the public interest obligations of broadcasters who occupy the nation's spectrum.
Protect Our Children While Preserving the First Amendment: Give parents the tools and information they need to control what their children see on television and the Internet in ways fully consistent with the First Amendment. Support tough penalties, increase enforcement resources and forensic tools for law enforcement, and encourage collaboration between law enforcement and the private sector to identify and prosecute people who try to exploit children online.
Safeguard our Right to Privacy: Strengthen privacy protections for the digital age and harness the power of technology to hold government and business accountable for violations of personal privacy.
Create a Transparent and Connected Democracy
Open Up Government to its Citizens: Use cutting-edge technologies to create a new level of transparency, accountability, and participation for America's citizens.
Bring Government into the 21st Century: Use technology to reform government and improve the exchange of information between the federal government and citizens while ensuring the security of our networks. Appoint the nation's first Chief Technology Officer (CTO) to ensure the safety of our networks and lead an interagency effort, working with chief technology and chief information officers of each of the federal agencies, to ensure that they use best-in-class technologies and share best practices.
Deploy a Modern Communications InfrastructureDeploy Next-Generation Broadband: Work towards true broadband in every community in America through a combination of reform of the Universal Service Fund, better use of the nation's wireless spectrum, promotion of next-generation facilities, technologies and applications, and new tax and loan incentives. America should lead the world in broadband penetration and Internet access.Improve America's Competitiveness
Promote American Businesses Abroad: Support a trade policy that ensures our goods and services are treated fairly in foreign markets. Fight for fair treatment of our companies abroad.
Invest in the Sciences: Double federal funding for basic research over ten years, changing the posture of our federal government to one that embraces science and technology.
Invest in University-Based Research: Expand research initiatives at American colleges and universities. Provide new research grants to the most outstanding early-career researchers in the country.
Make the R&D Tax Credit Permanent: Invest in a skilled research and development workforce and technology infrastructure. Make the Research and Development tax credit permanent so that firms can rely on it when making decisions to invest in domestic R&D over multi-year timeframes.
Ensure Competitive Markets: Foster a business and regulatory landscape in which entrepreneurs and small businesses can thrive, start-ups can launch, and all enterprises can compete effectively while investors and consumers are protected against bad actors that cross the line. Reinvigorate antitrust enforcement to ensure that capitalism works for consumers.
Protect American Intellectual Property Abroad: Work to ensure intellectual property is protected in foreign markets, and promote greater cooperation on international standards that allow our technologies to compete everywhere.
Protect American Intellectual Property at Home: Update and reform our copyright and patent systems to promote civic discourse, innovation, and investment while ensuring that intellectual property owners are fairly treated.
Reform the Patent System: Ensure that our patent laws protect legitimate rights while not stifling innovation and collaboration. Give the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) the resources to improve patent quality and open up the patent process to citizen review to help foster an environment that encourages innovation. Reduce uncertainty and wasteful litigation that is currently a significant drag on innovation.
Restore Scientific Integrity to the White House: Restore the basic principle that government decisions should be based on the best-available, scientifically-valid evidence and not on ideological predispositions.
Prepare All our Children for the 21st Century Economy
Make Math and Science Education a National Priority: Recruit math and science degree graduates to the teaching profession and support efforts to help these teachers learn from professionals in the field. Work to ensure that all children have access to a strong science curriculum at all grade levels.
Improve and Prioritize Science Assessments: Work with governors and educators to ensure that state assessments measure higher order thinking skills including inference, logic and data analysis, not just rote memorization of facts.
Address the Dropout Crisis: Provide funding to school districts to invest in intervention strategies in middle school -- strategies such as personal academic plans, teaching teams, parent involvement, mentoring, intensive reading and math instruction, and extended learning time.
Pinpoint College Aid for Math and Science Students: Launch an online database to give potential future scientists access to information about financial aid opportunities available in science and technology fields through the federal government and public or private resources.
Increase Science and Math Graduates: Improve science and math education in K through 12 to prepare more students for these studies in college. Work to increase our number of science and engineering graduates and encourage undergraduates studying math and science to pursue graduate studies. Increase the representation of minorities and women in the science and technology pipeline, tapping the diversity of America to meet the increasing demand for a skilled workforce.
Prepare Adults for a Changing Economy
Lifelong Retraining: Reauthorize the Workforce Investment Act, and increase resources for community colleges and lifelong learning initiatives to ensure our citizens can continue to gain new skills throughout their lifetimes. Modernize and expand the existing system of trade adjustment assistance to include service sector workers hurt by changing trade patterns. Create flexible education accounts that workers can use to retrain.
Build a Reliable Safety Net: Through their proposals on portable health care and retirement savings accounts and expanding unemployment insurance, Obama and Biden will work for programs that will help Americans facing job transitions in a fierce global economy.
Employ Science, Technology and Innovation to Solve Our Nation's Most Pressing Problems21st-century technology and telecommunications have flattened communications and labor markets and have contributed to a period of unprecedented innovation, making us more productive, connected global citizens. By maximizing the power of technology, we can strengthen the quality and affordability of our health care, advance climate-friendly energy development and deployment, improve education throughout the country, and ensure that America remains the world's leader in technology. Barack Obama and Joe Biden will:
Lower Health Care Costs by Investing in Electronic Information Technology Systems: Use health information technology to lower the cost of health care. Invest $10 billion a year over the next five years to move the U.S. health care system to broad adoption of standards-based electronic health information systems, including electronic health records.
Invest in Climate-Friendly Energy Development and Deployment: Invest $150 billion over the next ten years to enable American engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs to advance the next generation of biofuels and fuel infrastructure, accelerate the commercialization of plug-in hybrids, promote development of commercial-scale renewable energy, and begin the transition to a new digital electricity grid. This investment will transform the economy and create 5 million new jobs.
Modernize Public Safety Networks: Spur the development and deployment of new technologies to promote interoperability, broadband access, and more effective communications among first responders and emergency response systems.
Advance the Biomedical Research Field: Support investments in biomedical research, as well as medical education and training in health-related fields. Fund biomedical research, and make it more efficient by improving coordination both within government and across government/private/non-profit partnerships.
Advance Stem Cell Research: Support increased stem cell research. Allow greater federal government funding on a wider array of stem cell lines.